permissions - Why Android VPN applications do not use BIND_VPN_SERVICE? -


i analyzing android vpn applications(e.g., hola**) permissions usage. stated, far google official manual(http://developer.android.com/reference/android/manifest.permission.html), vpn application must use bind_vpn_service permission hola not stat in manifest file. want know why not use permission , how (or in general vpn apps) offers vpn service?

** hola's permissions in manifest file:

  • android.permission.receive_boot_completed
  • android.permission.read_external_storage
  • android.permission.write_external_storage
  • android.permission.get_accounts
  • android.permission.read_phone_state
  • android.permission.internet
  • android.permission.access_network_state
  • android.permission.get_tasks
  • android.permission.system_alert_window
  • android.permission.modify_audio_settings
  • android.permission.wake_lock
  • com.google.android.c2dm.permission.receive
  • org.hola.permission.c2d_message
  • com.android.browser.permission.read_history_bookmarks
  • com.android.browser.permission.write_history_bookmarks
  • android.permission.access_fine_location

i want know why not use permission

because not need permission, because cannot hold permission. bind_vpn_service signature-level permission.

quoting the documentation bind_vpn_service, emphasis added:

must required vpnservice, ensure system can bind it.

where should find bind_vpn_service in app's manifest not in <uses-permission> element, rather in android:permission attribute on <service> element vpnservice implementation. app defending component using permission, not using permission talk other apps.


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